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PRISM Manual | PropertySpecification / Non-probabilisticProperties
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<p><a class='wikilink' href='Main.html'>Property Specification</a> /
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</p><h1>Non-probabilistic Properties</h1>
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<p>PRISM also supports model checking of the non-probabilistic temporal logics CTL (computation tree logic) and LTL (linear temporal logic).
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Properties in these logics use the <code><strong>A</strong></code> (for all) and <code><strong>E</strong></code> (there exists) operators,
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instead of the probabilistic <code><strong>P</strong></code> operator used in many other properties supported by PRISM.
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</p>
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<p class='vspace'>Properties take the form:
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<div class='sourceblocktext'><div class="prism"><span class="prismkeyword">A</span> [ <span class="prismident">pathprop</span> ]<br/>
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<span class="prismkeyword">E</span> [ <span class="prismident">pathprop</span> ]<br/>
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</div></div>
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<div class='sourceblocklink'><a href='http://www.prismmodelchecker.org/manual/PropertySpecification/Non-probabilisticProperties?action=sourceblock&num=1' type='text/plain'>[$[Get Code]]</a></div>
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</div>
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<p class='vspace'>which are true in a state <em>s</em> of a model if
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"path property <code>pathprop</code> is satisfied by <em>all</em> paths from state <em>s</em>"
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and
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"path property <code>pathprop</code> is satisfied by <em>some</em> path from state <em>s</em>",
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respectively.
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The syntax for LTL formulas is the same as those allowed within the <a class='wikilink' href='ThePOperator.html#ltl'>P operator</a>.
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</p>
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<p class='vspace'>Example properties include:
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</p>
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<div class='vspace'></div>
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<div class='sourceblock ' id='sourceblock2'>
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<div class='sourceblocktext'><div class="prism"><span class="prismkeyword">E</span> [ <span class="prismkeyword">F</span> "<span class="prismident">goal</span>" ] <span class="prismcomment">// There exists a path that reaches a state satisfying "goal"</span><br/>
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<br/>
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<span class="prismkeyword">A</span> [ <span class="prismkeyword">G</span> <span class="prismident">x</span><=<span class="prismnum">10</span> ] <span class="prismcomment">// Variable x is always at most 10 along all paths of the model</span><br/>
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<br/>
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<span class="prismkeyword">E</span> [ <span class="prismkeyword">F</span> "<span class="prismident">ready</span>" & (<span class="prismkeyword">X</span> "<span class="prismident">launch</span>") ] <span class="prismcomment">// There exists a path along which label "ready" eventually becomes true and label "launch" is true immediately afterwards</span><br/>
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<br/>
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<span class="prismkeyword">A</span> [ (<span class="prismkeyword">G</span> <span class="prismkeyword">F</span> <span class="prismident">x</span>=<span class="prismnum">1</span>) | (<span class="prismkeyword">G</span> <span class="prismkeyword">F</span> <span class="prismident">x</span>=<span class="prismnum">2</span>) ] <span class="prismcomment">// Along all paths, either x=1 or x=2 is true infinitely often</span><br/>
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</div></div>
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<div class='sourceblocklink'><a href='http://www.prismmodelchecker.org/manual/PropertySpecification/Non-probabilisticProperties?action=sourceblock&num=2' type='text/plain'>[$[Get Code]]</a></div>
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<div class='vspace'></div><h3>Counterexamples and Witnesses</h3>
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<p>If you check a CTL property of the form <code>A [ G "inv" ]</code> and it is false, PRISM will generate a counterexample in the form of a path that reaches a state where <code>"inv"</code> is not true. This is displayed either in the simulator (from the GUI) or at the command-line. Similarly, if you check <code>E [ F "goal" ]</code> and the result is true, a witness (a path reaching a <code>"goal"</code> state) will be generated.
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<h3><a class='wikilink' href='../Main/Main.html'>PRISM Manual</a></h3>
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<p><strong><a class='wikilink' href='Main.html'>Property Specification</a></strong>
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</p><ul><li><a class='wikilink' href='Main.html'>Introduction</a>
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</li><li><a class='wikilink' href='IdentifyingASetOfStates.html'>Identifying A Set Of States</a>
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</li><li><a class='wikilink' href='ThePOperator.html'>The P Operator</a>
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</li><li><a class='wikilink' href='TheSOperator.html'>The S Operator</a>
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</li><li><a class='wikilink' href='Reward-basedProperties.html'>Reward-based Properties</a>
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</li><li><a class='selflink' href='Non-probabilisticProperties.html'>Non-probabilistic Properties</a>
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</li><li><a class='wikilink' href='SyntaxAndSemantics.html'>Syntax And Semantics</a>
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</li><li><a class='wikilink' href='Filters.html'>Filters</a>
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</li><li><a class='wikilink' href='PTAProperties.html'>PTA Properties</a>
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