// synchronous leader election protocol (itai & Rodeh) // dxp/gxn 25/01/01 // N=10 and K=2 probabilistic // CONSTANTS const N=10; // number of processes const K=2; // range of probabilistic choice // counter module used to count the number of processes that have been read // and to know when a process has decided module counter // counter (c=i means process j reading process (i-1)+j next) c : [1..N-1]; // reading [read] c (c'=c+1); // finished reading [read] c=N-1 -> (c'=c); //decide [done] u1 | u2 | u3 | u4 | u5 | u6 | u7 | u8 | u9 | u10 -> (c'=c); // pick again reset counter [retry] !(u1 | u2 | u3 | u4 | u5 | u6 | u7 | u8 | u9 | u10) -> (c'=1); // loop (when finished to avoid deadlocks) [loop] s1=3 -> (c'=c); endmodule // processes form a ring and suppose: // process 1 reads process 2 // process 2 reads process 3 // process 3 reads process 1 module process1 // local state s1 : [0..3]; // s1=0 make random choice // s1=1 reading // s1=2 deciding // s1=3 finished // has a unique id so far (initially true) u1 : bool; // value to be sent to next process in the ring (initially sets this to its own value) v1 : [0..K-1]; // random choice p1 : [0..K-1]; // pick value [pick] s1=0 -> 1/K : (s1'=1) & (p1'=0) & (v1'=0) & (u1'=true) + 1/K : (s1'=1) & (p1'=1) & (v1'=1) & (u1'=true); // read [read] s1=1 & u1 & !p1=v2 & c (u1'=true) & (v1'=v2); [read] s1=1 & u1 & p1=v2 & c (u1'=false) & (v1'=v2) & (p1'=0); [read] s1=1 & !u1 & c (u1'=false) & (v1'=v2); // read and move to decide [read] s1=1 & u1 & !p1=v2 & c=N-1 -> (s1'=2) & (u1'=true) & (v1'=0) & (p1'=0); [read] s1=1 & u1 & p1=v2 & c=N-1 -> (s1'=2) & (u1'=false) & (v1'=0) & (p1'=0); [read] s1=1 & !u1 & c=N-1 -> (s1'=2) & (u1'=false) & (v1'=0); // deciding // done [done] s1=2 -> (s1'=3) & (u1'=false) & (v1'=0) & (p1'=0); //retry [retry] s1=2 -> (s1'=0) & (u1'=false) & (v1'=0) & (p1'=0); // loop (when finished to avoid deadlocks) [loop] s1=3 -> (s1'=3); endmodule // construct remaining processes through renaming module process2 =process1[s1=s2, p1=p2, v1=v2 ,u1=u2 ,v2=v3 ] endmodule module process3 =process1[s1=s3, p1=p3, v1=v3 ,u1=u3 ,v2=v4 ] endmodule module process4 =process1[s1=s4, p1=p4, v1=v4 ,u1=u4 ,v2=v5 ] endmodule module process5 =process1[s1=s5, p1=p5, v1=v5 ,u1=u5 ,v2=v6 ] endmodule module process6 =process1[s1=s6, p1=p6, v1=v6 ,u1=u6 ,v2=v7 ] endmodule module process7 =process1[s1=s7, p1=p7, v1=v7 ,u1=u7 ,v2=v8 ] endmodule module process8 =process1[s1=s8, p1=p8, v1=v8 ,u1=u8 ,v2=v9 ] endmodule module process9 =process1[s1=s9, p1=p9, v1=v9 ,u1=u9 ,v2=v10] endmodule module process10=process1[s1=s10,p1=p10,v1=v10,u1=u10,v2=v1 ] endmodule // REWARDS -expected number of rounds rewards [pick] true : 1; endrewards